For application developers that use the Hibernate3 JPA, it is crucial that you learn the different persistent states an object can be and what methods/functions cause them to transition to what other states. The states are: transient, persistent, detached, and removed. You must also know how a persistent context works, the ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) principles for database transactions, and basics of object identity (Java's equality is NOT the same as database record equality).
You can find out more about Hibernate3 at https://www.hibernate.org/.